Saturday, March 21, 2009

Fiji - Rear Vision podcast review

Thanks to a comment on this blog I tried a new podcast: ABC's Rear Vision. (feed) The comment was made at a post about another program from ABC, which is the Australian Broadcast Corporation.

Rear Vision is a contemporary history program on ABC radio that is, luckily for us, also published as a weekly podcast. In 30 minutes hosts Annabelle Quince and Keri Phillips allow us to dig into the backgrounds of one subject and get the full historic picture we need in order to understand the news. The first subject I picked out was Fiji; coup country. I make out Fiji on a map, I had heard about the occasional military coup in the country. I had wondered about that, but knew absolutely nothing to say about it, until Rear Vision came along.

On Rear Vision I learned has become ethnically diverse with the British rule starting in the 19th century. People were hauled over from India to work the plantations and so, when Fiji gained independence in 1970 it had two majorities of indigenous Fijians and Indian Fijians each making up about half of the population. Furthermore these and other ethnic groups had different plans with the independent land and had a different representation in the army. The relatively large army, too big for the geopolitical position of Fiji it is argued, is the culprit of the coups and of the ensuing instability. The instability in turn has wrecked the tourist industry which is very important for Fiji and has caused emigration in an uneven proportion by Indians, which in turn has redrawn the ethnic balance. In a nutshell.

Also by ABC, The Philosopher's Zone:
Philosopher's Zone - ABC podcast review,
Mary Shelley and Frankenstein.

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Plakkaat van Verlating - Hoor Geschiedenis recensie

In de podcast Hoor! Geschiedenis, van Feico Houweling zitten we midden in de wordingsgeschiedenis van de Nederlandse Staat. Deze week werd het document besproken waarmee de Nederlandse Staten zich formeel van het gezag van de Spaanse koning Filips de tweede probeerde los te maken.

Het document waar het om gaat is het Plakkaat van Verlating. In 1581 tekenden de Nederlandse edelen dit document waarbij de soeverijn Filips het gezag over de Nederlanden wordt ontnomen. In de weergave van Houweling is dit mede daarom zo'n historisch moment omdat het om een juridische constructie gaat. Er wordt niet zomaar eigenhandig besloten om zich aan het gezag van de koning te onttrekken, maar er wordt een rechtsgeldige reden voor geformuleerd.

Het deed mij denken aan de manier waarop de Berkeley serie History 5 de afzetting (en onthoofding) van Jacobus de tweede van Engeland in 1688 behandelt. Ook daar wordt benadrukt dat niet zomaar de koning van zijn troon wordt gestoten, als in een revolutie of een staatsgreep, maar dat er een rechtsgang wordt doorlopen. In beide gevallen (en in het Nederlandse honderd jaar eerder) wordt op unieke wijze met het koningsschap omgesprongen; niet langer is het een onwrikbaar van God gegeven orde, maar een constitutionele instantie een in het recht gewortelde figuur, die dus ook met het recht in de hand kan worden weggezet. Hier onstaan dus niet alleen staten als Nederland en Engeland, maar ook staten in de moderne politiek-juridische zin.

Afbeelding van het Nationaal Archief

Meer Hoor! Geschiedenis:
Willem van Oranje als Bijbelfiguur,
Dagelijks genoegen: hoor! geschiedenis,
Hoor! Geschiedenis - historische podcast recensie.

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Friday, March 20, 2009

Boxer Rebellion - In Our Time

BBC's In Our Time discussed the Boxer Rebellion an uprising in China in which an unorganized, popular front took on the forces of modernity on their land. They were against the railways, against Christianity and although they threatened foreigners, they made the most victims among Chinese. The foreigners then united and defeated the Boxers.

Isn't it amazing that Japan, Russia, Germany, France and Great Britain could unite internationally in 1901? Just before they whirled into large scale devastating war among themselves? How deep must they have felt the threat of those country bumpkins way back in the Chinese Hinterland. And alternately, how did those Chinese manage to feel that the western influence was their problem, when they had starvation, floods and bad Chinese rulers on their hands?

Pondering about this, I was suddenly struck by the similarities with Al-Queida. Also an unorganized popular uprising, instilling the greatest fears in the West and who have serious practical issues to confront, but see fit to blame western influence. And who eventually take more local than western victims, although the west is ready to overcome all its differences to overcome this nuisance. Could there be a lesson? The spirit of the Boxers never died. China was humiliated again and the Boxer spirit found its way to Mao and on.

More In Our Time:
The library of Alexandria,
The Waste Land by T.S. Eliot,
The destruction of Carthage,
The brothers Grimm,
The modest proposal.

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Anne is a Man in the weekend of March 20

Here is a list of reviews I am planning to publish over the weekend (Friday - Sunday).

- BBC's In Our Time made their last program about the Boxer Rebellion. How a revolt within China was defeated by an international alliance.

- Hoor! Geschiedenis continues to excite me with its history of the Netherlands. This time some thoughts about the Plakkaat van Verlatinghe. (Dutch)

- I know how to find Fiji on a world map. Other than that I know next to nothing about this country. ABC's Rear Vision had a program about Fiji's recent history with a series of military coups.

- New Books in History spoke with Simon Morrison about the biography of Prokofiev

- On LSE Events, Jean-Pierre Filiu tries to make a point about how the EU can make a difference in the Middle East.

I had wanted to review a podcast on UChannel where Sam Gardiner (retired colonel from the US) gave a military assessment of Iran and went over the military options against the country. The audio of this podcast, however, is so extremely bad, it was impossible to make out enough of the lecture for a review.

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Thursday, March 19, 2009

Robots and War - UChannel Podcast review

It is an age-old wisdom countries are always prepared for the last war. In the next war we will be confronted however with what new developments have revolutionized war and changed the rules of the game. The current revolution is that of robots in war. On UChannel Podcast a lecture delivered at Princeton had P.W. Singer (21st Century Defense Initiative at the Brookings Institution) address the subject.

Singer emphasizes that robotics and war is not a revolution that is about to happen, it is already happening. Robots are being used in war today and he mentions many examples. He also delves into the various ways robots change the character of combat, altering the dynamics and logic of war. What also becomes clear is that robots are not going to replace humans in combat; humans and robots will be complementing each other.

Although there will still be humans on the ground, in broad terms the introduction of robots in warfare enlarge the distance between humans and the dangers of combat. It raises issues of responsibility, of more or less autonomy for the robot and of the effect in perception. If a robot makes a mistake, who will be responsible? To what extent should the robots be autonomous? What impression do the robotics make in the home-front and with the enemy? The home-front can be just as happy as uncomfortable. The enemy can be just as afraid as indignant - feeling the robots are sent by a cowardly and therefore weak opponent.

Singer is not the most engaging speaker and robotics and war not very appealing subjects for talk, certainly not in combination. However, the notion that Singer is not talking what might happen, but rather what is already reality, makes the podcast very compelling.

More UChannel Podcast:
Sudan and the fallacy of nationhood,
Against intervention,
Lakhdar Brahimi on Afghanistan and Iraq,
Europe versus Islam,
Power of Cities.

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Jan Montyn - Marathon Interview

Op het Marathoninterview dat Chirs Kijne in 1992 had met Jan Montyn begon ik totaal onvoorbereid. Ik had nog nooit van hem gehoord en een vlugge blik op de VPRO site gaf me het idee dat er een gesprek met een kunstenaar zou volgen. Maar over Jans kunst werd nauwelijks gesproken. Het interview gaat van begin tot eind over oorlog.

Die confrontatie met oorlog is via Jan Montyn is zo intensief, niet alleen doordat ik onvoorbereid was, maar ook doordat hij de directe ooggetuige is. Om het modern te zeggen: al op zijn zestiende krijgt hij zijn PTSD in dienst van de Kriegsmarine in de Oostzee en daarna houdt het niet meer op. Ook als hij na Korea niet meer vecht in oorlog. Hij blijft aan de zelfkant van de maatschappij in chaos leven. En als medewerker van Amnesty, Artsen zonder Grenzen of de VN komt hij in oorlogsgebieden in Zuidoost Azië, waar hij vermist opspoort, kinderen redt en wat dies meer zij.

De wezenloze onrust die bij deze man hoort, bij zijn perspectief op de wereld, bij zijn inzichten en bij het haast compulsieve handelen, komt direct tot je via zijn stem. Het komt door de grimmige verhalen en misschien nog wel sterker door de spreekstijl die kort en hortend is, vol met onafgemaakte zinnen en gemompelde woorden. Op kwesties van goed en fout in oorlogen, in internationale politiek en in dictatoriale staten, krijg je een nieuw perspectief. Het is weliswaar onaf, Montyn weet zijn inzichten niet in mooie coherente algemeenheden weet te vatten, maar legt wel de vinger bij de paradoxen en dilemma's die in het meer bekende goed-fout denken helemaal weggelaten worden. Dat maakt het beluisteren van deze vijf uur podcast tot een veeleisende bezigheid, maar wel zeer de moeite waard.

Meer Marathon Interviews:
Arthur Japin, Johannes van Dam,
Mr. G.B.J. Hiltermann,
James Kennedy,
Dick Berlijn,
Ward Ruyslinck.

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